V stat'e na primere elektroenergetiki rassmotrena evolyuciya teoreticheskih podhodov k issledovaniyu modeley funkcionirovaniya obschestvennyh kommunal'nyh predpriyatiy. V chastnosti, pokazano, chto suschestvovavshaya na nachal'noy stadii razvitiya otrasli konkurenciya, v silu tehnologicheskih osobennostey, privela k formirovaniyu vertikal'no-integrirovannyh kompaniy. Eti kompanii v pervoy polovine HH stoletiya okazalis' ob'ektom gosudarstvennogo regulirovaniya, chto i privelo k poyavleniyu modeli «estestvennoy monopolii». Sovremennyy etap tehnologicheskogo razvitiya otrasli i vnedrenie konkurentnyh principov v generaciyu i raspredelenie elektroenergii obuslovili perehod ot modeli «estestvennoy monopolii» k modeli «sorevnovatel'nogo rynka». Odnako specifika elektroenergeticheskoy otrasli trebuet inogo podhoda k opredeleniyu kriteriev optimal'nosti funkcionirovaniya i regulirovaniya otrasli
elektroenergetika, estestvennaya monopoliya, vertikal'naya integraciya, sostyazatel'nye rynki, kommunal'nye predpriyatiya, gosudarstvennoe regulirovanie
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